Massacre:
Forensic Analysis Supports Tribe's Claim of Passive Role

A new forensic study lends credence to Paiute Indian claims that the tribe did not participate in the infamous Mountain Meadows Massacre of 1857 to the extent history has recorded.

The analysis of bones from some of the 120 emigrants in a California-bound wagon train who were slaughtered at Mountain Meadows also shows some of the remains have distinct American Indian characteristics. Those traits may be attributed to the mixed Cherokee ancestry of many of the emigrants from northwestern Arkansas who were murdered.

The conclusion could trigger various state and federal laws requiring the exhumation of the remains to determine which tribes should be given the non-Caucasian remains for repatriation.The remains were uncovered inadvertently during construction of a monument over the mass grave and subsequently reburied in a 1999 ceremony led by LDS Church President Gordon B. Hinckley.

Utah American Indian officials say they plan to study the report to determine what steps might be taken, but were pleased with implications of the new evidence for the Paiute Tribe.

"It is ludicrous to keep saying the Indians jumped out of the bushes and attacked these people," says Forrest Cuch, director of the Utah Division of Indian Affairs. "I'm completely with [researchers] on the findings."

Prepared by researchers at the University of Utah Department of Anthropology, the 200-page skeletal-trauma analysis was delivered in July to Brigham Young University's Office of Public Archaeology for inclusion in a final report to state history officials.

That report was due last August under the customary one-year-from-excavation deadline of a state archaeological permit, but it has yet to be submitted to the Antiquities Section of the Utah Division of History. The Salt Lake Tribune recently obtained a draft copy of the University of Utah portion of the study, in which skeletal biologists used forensic anthropology techniques to assess age, sex and approximate cause of death of the massacre victims.

The report represents the first scientific analysis of a crime of civil terrorism that has few parallels in modern American history. Generally accepted versions of the massacre hold that members of the wagon train from Arkansas were slaughtered by Mormon militiamen and their Paiute Indian confederates in early September 1857 as the emigrants were encamped at Mountain Meadows, a broad valley in southwestern Utah near present-day Enterprise along the Old Spanish Trail.

War Hysteria

At the time, Mormons were being rallied by church leaders into a state of war hysteria against the federal government, which was marching troops to Utah to replace LDS Prophet Brigham Young as territorial governor.

After initially repelling the first assault, the emigrants endured a four-day siege. With food and water running low, local Mormon officials convinced the emigrants on Sept. 11 to surrender their arms in exchange for safe passage to Cedar City. Instead, at a pre-arranged command, the emigrant men were executed by their Mormon escorts while Paiute Indians lying in wait murdered the women and children. Or so the story has been told.

Brigham Young, head of the church and governor

Details, motive and blame in the massacre have been a source of passionate disagreement, something the U. researchers noted in preparing their analysis of the victims' remains.

"As with most mass killings, emotion and propaganda surround this historic event, often with greatly disparate views," wrote principal investigator Shannon Novak, a native Utahn. "With time, interpretations often become bipolar -- either romanticized or exaggerated depending on which side is recounting the event. Physical evidence can often provide a reality check, requiring all sides to reconsider what they have 'known to be true.'"

First Findings

The Tribune reported Novak's preliminary findings from the massacre remains last March. Her research was prematurely terminated when Gov. Mike Leavitt asked state officials to order immediate return of the bones to BYU for the reburial ceremony when Hinckley dedicated a new monument to the victims. In an e-mail sent to state history officials, the governor -- whose ancestor Dudley Leavitt was one of the participants in the slaughter -- wrote he did not want controversy to highlight "the rather good-spirited attempt to put [the massacre] behind us."

Novak's final study, which was presented in October to the Midwest Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Association conference in Missouri, upholds most of those preliminary findings. At least 28 victims were discerned from the 2,605 pieces of bone, most of which were broken by a backhoe digging a foundation for the new monument. The skulls of 18 victims were partially reconstructed for trauma analysis.

Those findings, in some points, differ with the generally accepted historical version of the massacre.

"All accounts agree that it was quickly over," wrote Mormon historian Juanita Brooks in her landmark 1950 study, The Mountain Meadows Massacre. "Most of the emigrant men fell at the first volley, and those who started to run were quickly shot down by Mormons or by Indians. The savages, far outnumbering the women and children, leaped from the brush on both sides of the road at once and, stimulated by the shrieks and screams, fell upon their victims with knives and hatchets and soon quieted them."

No Knives:

Novak's study of the bones, however, found no evidence of sharp-force trauma, such as that caused by a blow from a knife or hatchet. The researcher notes that "skeletal trauma only records lesions that penetrate to the bone."

Isaac Haight, a church elder now thought to have been involved, with a wife and daughter.

The majority of gunshot wounds were in the heads of young adult males, although one child, aged 10-15, also was shot in the head. That gunshot victim "suggests the killing of women and children may have been more complicated than accounts described in the diaries," wrote Novak, who has since joined the faculty of Indiana State University.

Another indication of women and children being executed is the fractured palate of a female, aged 18-22. The pattern of the bone fracture, along with the blackened and burned crowns of the woman's teeth, is consistent with a gunshot wound.

Suggestions that most emigrant men were shot in the back of the head and from the rear while fleeing also are questioned by bullet trajectories through the skulls. Six individuals were shot in the head from behind, while five were shot in frontal assaults.

Recognizing the new scientific evidence is bound to prompt a reassessment of long-held views of Paiute Indian involvement in the massacre, Novak cautioned: "Obviously, skeletal trauma cannot corroborate ethnically who was responsible for the shooting and whom for the beating."

No Role

Still, Paiute leaders say the forensic evidence supports their oral traditions that tribal members had little or no role in the killings. In 1998, tribal researchers interviewed elders about the massacre and the Utah divisions of History and Indian Affairs recently published some of those accounts in the new book edited by Cuch, A History of Utah's American Indians.

Brevet Major James Henry Carleton

"Many Paiute leaders (among others) believe and claim that, contrary to most published accounts, Indians did not participate in the initial attack on the wagon train nor in the subsequent murder of its inhabitants," wrote Weber State University cultural anthropologist Ron Holt and Paiute Tribe Education Director Gary Tom. "Accounts collected by the Paiute Tribe call into question this recounting of events, claiming that in great part Paiutes have been wrongfully blamed for assisting in something that was not of their making."

Untruths

As Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints President Hinckley has taken historic steps to honor the victims of the Mountain Meadows Massacre through erection of two monuments at the site in the past decade, Paiute tribal leaders have viewed those exercises as perpetuating falsehoods.

Hinckley's declaration at the 1999 dedication -- "That which we have done here must never be construed as an acknowledgement of the part of the church of any complicity in the occurrences of that fateful day" -- underlined the belief of many Paiutes that they are still scapegoats for a crime perpetrated by Mormon church officials.

"The truth will prevail at the end," says Paiute Tribe of Utah Chairwoman Geneal Anderson of Cedar City. "You hope that learning from history makes a better tomorrow, but the attitude seems to be that the Indians are not going to say anything anyway, it's not down in writing so who is going to believe them?"

Lee, at the left, sits on his coffin near the site of the massacre, shortly before his execution, March 23, 1877, twenty years after the slaughter

The tribe's oral account of the massacre, "stressed there were no Paiutes involved in the killings," Holt and Tom write. "Paiute involvement was limited to hearing and watching from a distance the killing of the emigrants and some of their animals, and the robbing of the possessions of the dead."

One Paiute elder, Will Rogers, related a story told by an ancestor that the killing "took about three [or] four hours, I think he said, you know to shoot them people all. Some of them were half-dead, some of them weren't even dead."

Versions Differ

Those versions differ wildly from accounts of Mormons at the scene. In court affidavits subsequent to the trial of John D. Lee -- the only person ever convicted for the massacre -- Nephi Johnson, who served as Paiute interpreter, said 150 Indians were present and "owing to some of the white men of the posse failed to kill their men, the Indians assisted in finishing the work."

However, the journal of Francis Lyman, who died in 1903 after serving as president of the church's Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, recounts a different version of the story from a conversation he had with Johnson.

John D. Lee

"Bro[ther]s Dudly Leavitt and Nephi Johnson were in the meeting. I talked with those two about the Mountain Meadows Massacre," Lyman wrote in a Sept. 21, 1895, entry at Bunkerville, Nev. "The first gave me but little information. Bro[ther] Johnson was the man who gave the word to the Indians to fire at the last general killing. . . . He says white men did most of the killing."

Another Mormon participant who commanded the territorial militia, John M. Higbee, wrote in a court affidavit that the Paiute Indians forced the Mormons to kill the emigrants.

"The savages came to Lee and said if he and the Mormons did not help them to kill the Merrycats [emigrants] they would join the soldiers and fight the Mormons," Higbee's affidavit reads.

"The number of Indians there were variously estimated at anywhere from three to six hundred, all determined it seemed to accomplish the destruction of the company if they had to fight all the Mormons in the southern country."

In the last half of the 1800s, Paiutes accounted for more converts to Mormonism than any other Utah tribe and Paiute children were adopted by Mormon families in numbers greater than any other tribe. Yet the continued blame shifting over Mountain Meadows has sullied relationships between the tribe and church.

Not Invited

Anderson, who served as leader of the Paiutes from 1984 to 1993 and was elected to another term in 1997, said she was not invited to the 1999 LDS Church dedication of the new massacre victim monument. She was a guest speaker at the 1990 dedication ceremony for a separate monument, and was "really uncomfortable" with the suggestion that Paiutes should ask forgiveness for the massacre.

"Somebody asked me afterwards how many Paiutes were involved and I said, ' That's your history, not ours,' " she says today. "They still call us wagon-burners. As things are passed down through generations, people can make them worse than they are."

Cuch says he believes that no matter how painful, the past must be re-examined by LDS Church officials and appropriate responsibility taken.

"The LDS Church has to discontinue this denial process and they have to believe in the power to forgive," says Cuch. "They thought by executing John D. Lee this thing would go away. But the problem is, that wasn't the truth and if it's not the truth it cannot possibly contribute to overall understanding and a sense of forgiveness.

CHRISTOPHER SMITH
Salt Lake Tribune

A Utah Massacre and Mormon Memory

As families tramp all over the country this summer, visiting historic sites, there's one spot - Mountain Meadows in southwestern Utah - that won't be on many itineraries.

Mountain Meadows, a two-hour drive from one of the state's popular tourist destinations, Zion National Park, is the site of what the historian Geoffrey Ward has called "the most hideous example of the human cost exacted by religious fanaticism in American history until 9/11." And while it might not be a major tourist destination, for a century and a half the massacre at Mountain Meadows has been the focus of passionate debate among Mormons and the people of Utah. It is a debate that cuts to the core of the basic tenets of Mormonism. This, the darkest stain on the history of the religion, is a bitter reality and challenging predicament for a modern Mormon Church struggling to shed its extremist history.


This rock pile marks the burial site of victims of the massacre.

On Sept. 11, 1857, in a meadow in southwestern Utah, a militia of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, attacked a wagon train of Arkansas families bound for California. After a five-day siege, the militia persuaded the families to surrender under a flag of truce and a pledge of safe passage. Then, in the worst butchery of white pioneers by other white pioneers in the entire colonization of America, approximately 140 men, women and children were slaughtered. Only 17 children under the age of 8 - the age of innocence in the Mormon faith - were spared.

After the massacre, the church first claimed that local Paiute Indians were responsible, but as evidence of Mormon involvement mounted, it placed the sole blame for the killings on John D. Lee, a militia member and a Mormon zealot who was also the adopted son of the prophet Brigham Young. After nearly two decades, as part of a deal for statehood, Lee was executed by a firing squad in 1877. The church has been reluctant to assume responsibility - labelling Lee a renegade - but several historians, including some who are Mormon, believe that church leaders, though never prosecuted, ordered the massacre.

Now, 146 years later, Lee's descendants and the victims' relatives have been pressing the Mormon Church for an apology. The move for some official church acknowledgment began in the late 1980's, when a group of Lee descendants, including a former United States secretary of the interior, Stewart Udall, began working to clear their ancestor's name. In 1990, descendants of victims and perpetrators began urging the Mormon Church to accept responsibility for the massacre and to rebuild a crumbling landmark established at the site by United States Army troops in 1859.


Mountain Meadow Massacre Memorial, Utah

The current church president, Gordon B. Hinckley - himself a prophet who says he receives divine revelations - took a personal interest in the episode, and in 1998 he agreed to restore the landmark where at least some of the bodies were buried. But even that concession turned controversial when, in August 1999, a church contractor's backhoe accidentally unearthed the bones of 29 victims. After a debate between Utah state officials and church leaders - what has been called Utah's "unique church-state tango" - about state laws requiring unearthed bones to be forensically examined for cause of death, the church had the remains quickly reburied without any extensive examination that might have drawn new attention to the brutality of the murders.

A month later, on Sept. 10, 1999, when descendants of the perpetrators and the victims gathered to dedicate a church-financed monument in what they hoped would be a "healing" service, both sides were disappointed by Mr. Hinckley's remarks. He continued to hedge on the issue of church responsibility, even adding a legal disclaimer many found offensive. "That which we have done here must never be construed as an acknowledgment of the part of the church of any complicity in the occurrences of that fateful day," he said. This was thought by many to be an effort to avoid wrongful-death lawsuits. But the church's reluctance to apologize is more complicated.

At a time when religions around the world are acknowledging and atoning for past sins, the massacre has left the Mormon Church in a quandary. Roman Catholics have apologized for their silence during the Holocaust, United Methodists for their massacre of American Indians during the Civil War, Southern Baptists for their support of slavery, and Lutherans for Martin Luther's anti-Jewish remarks. But unlike the leaders of other religions, who are believed to be guided by the hand of God, Mormon prophets are considered extensions of him.


A visitor pauses by a memorial cairn in 1898

To acknowledge complicity on the part of church leaders runs the risk of calling into question Brigham Young's divinity and the Mormon belief that they are God's chosen people. "If good Mormons committed the massacre," wrote a Mormon writer, Levi Peterson, "if prayerful leaders ordered it, if apostles and a prophet knew about it and later sacrificed John D. Lee, then the sainthood of even the modern church seems tainted."

Believing they were doing God's work in ridding the world of "infidels," evangelical Mormon zealots committed one of the greatest civilian atrocities on American soil. Without a sustained attempt at accountability and atonement, the church will not escape the hovering shadow of that horrible crime.

Sally Denton

Additional Sources:

www.rickross.com
www.greaterthings.com
asms.k12.ar.us
www.worldisround.com
www.mazeministry.com www.escribe.com

'The Mountain Meadows Massacre stands without a parallel amongst the crimes that stain the pages of American history. It was a crime committed without cause or justification of any kind to relieve it of its fearful character... When nearly exhausted from fatigue and thirst, [the men of the caravan] were approached by white men, with a flag of truce, and induced to surrender their arms, under the most solemn promises of protection. They were then murdered in cold blood.' William Bishop, Attorney to John D. Lee 'I observed that nearly every skull I saw had been shot through with rifle or revolver bullets. I did not see one that had been "broken in with stones." Dr. Brewer showed me one, that probably of a boy of eighteen, which had been fractured and slit, doubtless by two blows of a bowie knife or other instrument of that character. I saw several bones of what must have been very small children. Dr. Brewer says from what he saw he thinks some infants were butchered. The mothers doubtless had these in their arms, and the same shot or blow may have deprived both of life. The scene of the massacre, even at this late day, was horrible to look upon. Women’s hair, in detached locks and masses, hung to the sage bushes and was strewn over the ground in many places. Parts of little children’s dresses and of female costume dangled from the shrubbery or lay scattered about; and among these, here and there, on every hand, for at least a mile in the direction of the road, by two miles east and west, there gleamed, bleached white by the weather, the skulls and other bones of those who had suffered. A glance into the wagon when all these had been collected revealed a sight which can never be forgotten.' James Henry Carleton, Brevet Major, U.S.A., Captain in the First Dragoons

The FReeper Foxhole Remembers 9-11
Never Forget

Identical twins Janita Ollison, left, and Jeannetta Ollison 17, of Gresham, Ore., read some of the names of victims of the Sept. 11, 2001 attacks, printed on more than twenty-six hundred 'Flags of Honor' placed in a field located at Microchip Corporation in Gresham Ore., Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2003. The flags were placed as a memorial to represent each person killed in the attacks two years ago. (AP Photo/John Klicker)

Our Military Today Sept. 11th in Iraq American soldier Maj. General Raymond T. Odierno, center, commander of the 4th Infantry division in Tikrit, Iraq, Thursday, Sept. 11, 2003, addresses fellow soldiers during a memorial service. More than 150 soldiers from the 4th infantry division attended the memorial service in memory of the loss of life from terrorist attacks in America on September 11, 2001. (AP Photo/Rob Griffith) American soldier Maj. General Raymond T. Odierno, commander of the 4th Infantry division in Tikrit, Iraq, Thursday, Sept. 11, 2003, addresses fellow soldiers during a memorial service. American soldiers from the 1st Battalion, 22nd infantry regiment, 4th Infantry division in Tikrit, Iraq , Thursday, Sept. 11, 2003, reflect during a memorial service. American soldiers from the 1st Battalion, 22nd infantry regiment, 4th Infantry division in Tikrit, Iraq, Thursday, Sept. 11, 2003, hold the unit color flags during a memorial service.

.......FALL IN to the FReeper Foxhole!

.......Good Thursday Morning Everyone!


If you would like added or removed from our ping list let me know.

Good morning, Snippy and everyone at the Foxhole.

Folks I'm going to be in and out from the computer due to thunderstorms today. Hope everyone has a great Thursday.

The FReeper Foxhole Remembers

Good morning everyone. Have a great day.

We Shall Never Forget.

Present!

Eeewwww SAM....sick! What a horrible thing. I have never heard of this. Yuk!

I was hungry for breakfast and now I've lost my appetite. Gross! A few cuss words come to mind as well. Lord have mercy.

Good morning EGC.

Morning feather. Thanks for the graphic.

Good morning and thank you for the graphic Gail.

Lee was found guilty of murder. On March 23, 1877, he was executed at the scene of the massacre.

Nice touch executing the criminal at the spot.

This is such a bizarre story. Another case of fanatics.

Thanks for the thread today SAM.

Morning Spooky. Strange bunch weren't they?

Hope lunch is better than breakfast.

:)

Good morning manna.

LOL! Yeah, that was a very disturbing read. I mentioned it to my husband and he said he was familiar with the story. I had never heard of it. Horrible!

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Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Doreen J. Angrisani, 44, New York, N.Y., USA
finance manager, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lorraine D. Antigua, 32, Middletown, N.J., USA
securities lending department, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Peter Paul Apollo, 26, Hoboken, N.J., USA
equity trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Faustino Apostol Jr., 55, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Frank Thomas Aquilino, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president and partner, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Patrick Michael Aranyos, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
bond broker, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David Gregory Arce, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael G. Arczynski, 45, Little Silver, N.J., USA
senior vice president, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Louis Arena, 32, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Adam Arias, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president of operations, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael J. Armstrong, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president of sales, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jack Charles Aron, 52, Bergenfield, N.J., USA
information technology, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joshua Aron, 29, New York, N.Y., USA
equities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard Avery Aronow, 48, Mahwah, N.J., USA
lawyer, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Japhet J. Aryee, 49, Spring Valley, N.Y., USA
tax auditor, New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Carl Asaro, 39, Middletown, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael A. Asciak, 47, Ridgefield, N.J., USA
foreign exchange operations clerk, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Edward Asher, 53, Monroe, N.Y., USA
vice president, senior technology architect, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Janice Ashley, 25, Rockville Centre, N.Y., USA
research associate, Fred Alger Management
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas J. Ashton, 21, New York, N.Y., USA
electrician, Denino Electric
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Manuel O. Asitimbay, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
cook, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Ecuadoran

Lt. Gregg Arthur Atlas, 45, Howells, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gerald Atwood, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James Audiffred, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
janitorial, elevator starter, ABM Industries
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Louis Frank Aversano, 58, Manalapan, N.J., USA
director of operations support, risk services, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ezra Aviles, 41, Commack, N.Y., USA
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ayodeji Awe, 42, New York, N.Y., USA
souvenir vendor, Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Nigerian

Samuel (Sandy) Ayala, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
banquet steward, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Arlene T. Babakitis, 47, Secaucus, N.J., USA
customer service representative, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Eustace (Rudy) Bacchus, 48, Metuchen, N.J., USA
independent trader, American Stock Exchange
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John James Badagliacca, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
bond salesman, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jane Ellen Baeszler, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Robert J. Baierwalter, 44, Albertson, N.Y., USA
account underwriter, F.M. Global
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Andrew J. Bailey, 29, New York, N.Y., USA
consultant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Brett T. Bailey, 28, Bricktown, N.J., USA
options broker, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Tatyana Bakalinskaya, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
hostess, Marsh & McLennan
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael S. Baksh, 36, Englewood, N.J., USA
private client services group, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sharon Balkcom, 43, White Plains, N.Y., USA
computer systems manager, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Andrew Bane, 33, Yardley, Pa., USA
assistant vice president, casualty claims, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kathy Bantis, 44, Chicago, Ill., USA
Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gerard Jean Baptiste, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Walter Baran, 42, New York, N.Y., USA
investment banker, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gerard A. Barbara, 53, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant deputy chief, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul V. Barbaro, 35, Holmdel, N.J., USA
strategic development and software engineer, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James W. Barbella, 53, Oceanside, N.Y., USA
property manager, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ivan Kyrillos Fairbanks Barbosa, 30, Jersey City, N.J., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Brazilian

Victor Daniel Barbosa, 23, New York, N.Y., USA
maintenance, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Colleen Ann Barkow, 26, East Windsor, N.J., USA
project manager, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David Michael Barkway, 34, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
managing director, BMO Nesbitt Burns
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Matthew Barnes, 37, Monroe, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sheila Patricia Barnes, 55, Bay Shore, N.Y., USA
Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Evan J. Baron, 38, Bridgewater, N.J., USA
energy futures specialist, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Renee Barrett-Arjune, 41, Irvington, N.J.
compensation accountant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Arthur T. Barry, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Diane G. Barry, 60, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Maurice Vincent Barry, 49, Rutherford, N.J., USA
police officer, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Scott D. Bart, 28, Malverne, N.Y., USA
vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Carlton W. Bartels, 44, New York, N.Y., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Guy Barzvi, 29, New York, N.Y., USA
Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Inna Basina, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
staff accountant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alysia Basmajian, 23, Bayonne, N.J., USA
accountant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kenneth William Basnicki, 48, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
marketing director, BEA Systems
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lt. Steven J. Bates, 42, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul James Battaglia, 22, New York, N.Y., USA
consultant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

W. David Bauer, 45, Rumson, N.J., USA
head of global sales for eSpeed, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ivhan Luis Carpio Bautista, 24, New York, N.Y., USA
Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Peruvian

Marlyn C. Bautista, 46, Iselin, N.J., USA
accounts payable, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Filipino

Jasper Baxter, 45, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
career consultant, Lee Hecht Harrison
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michele (Du Berry) Beale, 37, Essex, Britain
director of conferences, Risk Waters Group
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Paul F. Beatini, 40, Park Ridge, N.J., USA
operations vice president, Allendale Insurance
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jane S. Beatty, 53, Belford, N.J., USA
technical supervisor, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Larry I. Beck, 38, Baldwin, N.Y., USA
mailroom clerk, Cantor Fitzgerald
Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Manette Marie Beckles, 43, Rahway, N.J., USA
account processor, Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Carl John Bedigian, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Beekman, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
head trade clerk, LaBranche
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Maria Behr, 41, Milford, N.J., USA
securities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Yelena Belilovsky, 38, Mamaroneck, N.Y., USA
Fred Alger Management
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nina Patrice Bell, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
senior manager, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Andrea Della Bella, 59, Jersey City, N.J., USA
legal secretary, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Debbie S. Bellows, 30, East Windsor, N.J., USA
executive assistant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen Elliot Belson, 51, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul Michael Benedetti, 32, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant director, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Denise Lenore Benedetto, 40, New York, N.Y., USA
executive assistant, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Bryan Craig Bennett, 25, New York, N.Y., USA
salesman at eSpeed, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Eric L. Bennett, 29, New York, N.Y., USA
area vice president, Alliance Consulting
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Oliver Duncan Bennett, 29, London, England
staff writer, Risk magazine, Risk Waters Group
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Margaret L. Benson, 52, Rockaway, N.J., USA
human resources department, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Dominick J. Berardi, 25, New York, N.Y., USA
Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James Patrick Berger, 44, Lower Makefield, Pa., USA
senior vice president, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Steven Howard Berger, 45, Manalapan, N.J., USA
supervisor of corporate tax auditors, New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John P. Bergin, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alvin Bergsohn, 48, Baldwin Harbor, N.Y., USA
equity trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Daniel D. Bergstein, 38, Teaneck, N.J., USA
corporate secretary, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael J. Berkeley, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Donna Bernaerts-Kearns, 44, Hoboken, N.J., USA
computer programmer, Accenture
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David W. Bernard, 57, Chelmsford, Mass., USA
technical adviser, Internal Revenue Service
Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

William Bernstein, 44, New York, N.Y., USA
mortgage bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David M. Berray, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, MoneyLine
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David S. Berry, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
chief of research, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joseph J. Berry, 55, Saddle River, N.J., USA
chairman and CEO, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

William Reed Bethke, 36, Hamilton, N.J., USA
computer programmer, Marsh USA
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Timothy D. Betterly, 42, Little Silver, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Edward F. Beyea, 42, New York, N.Y., USA
computer programmer, Empire Blue Cross and Blue Shield
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul Michael Beyer, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Anil T. Bharvaney, 41, East Windsor, N.J., USA
senior vice president, Instinet (Reuters)
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Bella Bhukhan, 24, Union, N.J., USA
human resources department, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Shimmy D. Biegeleisen, 42, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Peter Alexander Bielfeld, 44, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

William Biggart, 54, New York, N.Y., USA
photographer, Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Brian Bilcher, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Carl Vincent Bini, 44, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gary Bird, 51, Tempe, Ariz., USA
senior vice president, Marsh USA
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joshua David Birnbaum, 24, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

George Bishop, 52, Granite Springs, N.Y., USA
vice president, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jeffrey D. Bittner, 27, New York, N.Y., USA
research analyst, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Balewa Albert Blackman, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
junior accountant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Jamaican

Christopher Joseph Blackwell, 42, Patterson, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Susan L. Blair, 35, East Brunswick, N.J., USA
insurance executive, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Harry Blanding Jr., 38, Blakeslee, Pa., USA
claims analyst, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Janice L. Blaney, 55, Williston Park, N.Y., USA
consultant at Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc., Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Craig Michael Blass, 27, Greenlawn, N.Y., USA
trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Rita Blau, 52, New York, N.Y., USA
supervisor of switchboard operators, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard M. Blood Jr., 38, Ridgewood, N.J., USA
insurance broker, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael A. Boccardi, 30, Bronxville, N.Y., USA
senior vice president of institutional relations, Fred Alger Management
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John Paul Bocchi, 38, New Vernon, N.J., USA
managing director of interest rate options, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael L. Bocchino, 45, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Susan Mary Bochino, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
client specialist, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Bruce Douglas (Chappy) Boehm, 49, West Hempstead, N.Y., USA
government agencies broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mary Katherine Boffa, 45, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president of purchasing, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nicholas A. Bogdan, 34, Browns Mills, N.J., USA
manager, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Darren C. Bohan, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
temporary employee, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lawrence Francis Boisseau, 36, Freehold, N.J., USA
fire safety director, OCS Security
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Vincent M. Boland Jr,, 25, Ringwood, N.J., USA
business analyst, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alan Bondarenko, 53, Flemington, N.J., USA
Washington Group International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Andre Bonheur Jr., 40, New York, N.Y., USA
financial analyst, Citibank
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Colin Arthur Bonnett, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
telecommunications programmer, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Frank Bonomo, 42, Port Jefferson, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Yvonne L. Bonomo, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
corporate travel booker, American Express
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sean Booker, 35, Irvington, N.J., USA
account associate, Xerox Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sherry Ann Bordeaux, 38, Jersey City, N.J., USA
accountant, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Krystine C. Bordenabe, 33, Old Bridge, N.J., USA
sales assistant, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Martin Boryczewski, 29, Parsippany, N.J., USA
institutional sales trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard E. Bosco, 34, Suffern, N.Y., USA
banker, Citibank
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John Howard Boulton Jr., 29, New York, N.Y., USA
options broker, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Venezuelan

Francisco Bourdier, 41, New York, N.Y., USA
security guard, Deutsche Bank
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas H. Bowden Jr., 36, Wyckoff, N.J., USA
equities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kimberly S. Bowers, 31, Islip, N.Y., USA
administrative staff, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Veronique (Bonnie) Nicole Bowers, 28, New York, N.Y., USA
credit collections manager, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Larry Bowman, 46, New York, N.Y., USA
security officer, Summit Security Services
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Shawn Edward Bowman Jr., 28, New York, N.Y., USA
human resources information specialist, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kevin L. Bowser, 45, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
computer trainer, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gary R. Box, 37, North Bellmore, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gennady Boyarsky, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
travel agent, American Express
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Pamela Boyce, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant vice president of accounting, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Boyle, 37, Westbury, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alfred Braca, 54, Leonardo, N.J., USA
bond broker for eSpeed, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sandra Conaty Brace, 60, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Risk Insurance Solutions
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kevin H. Bracken, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David Brian Brady, 41, Summit, N.J., USA
financial advisor, Merrill Lynch
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alexander Braginsky, 38, Stamford, Conn., USA
foreign exchange products manager, Reuters
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nicholas W. Brandemarti, 21, Mantua, N.J., USA
analyst, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michelle Renee Bratton, 23, Yonkers, N.Y., USA
executive assistant, marketing, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Patrice Braut, 31, New York, N.Y., USA
technology, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Belgian

Lydia Estelle Bravo, 50, Dunellen, N.J., USA
nurse, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ronald Michael Breitweiser, 39, Middletown Township, N.J., USA
senior vice president, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Edward A. Brennan III, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, government bonds, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Frank H. Brennan, 50, New York, N.Y., USA
senior vice president and limited partner, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Emmett Brennan, 27, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Peter Brennan, 30, Ronkonkoma, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas M. Brennan, 32, Scarsdale, N.Y., USA
investment banker, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Capt. Daniel Brethel, 43, Farmingdale, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gary L. Bright, 36, Union City, N.J., USA
insurance analyst, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jonathan Eric Briley, 43, Mount Vernon, N.Y., USA
audiovisual technician, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark A. Brisman, 34, Armonk, N.Y., USA
associate, Harris Beach LLP
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul Gary Bristow, 27, New York, N.Y., USA
conferences producer, Risk Waters Group
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Victoria Alvarez Brito, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark Francis Broderick, 42, Old Bridge, N.J., USA
accountant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Herman C. Broghammer, 58, North Merrick, N.Y., USA
senior vice president, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Keith Broomfield, 49, New York, N.Y., USA
mechanical technician, Advent Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Jamaican

Janice J. Brown, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
accountant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lloyd Brown, 28, Bronxville, N.Y., USA
compliance officer for institutional equities, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Capt. Patrick J. Brown, 48, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Bettina Browne, 49, Atlantic Beach, N.Y., USA
vice president, mergers and acquisitions, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark Bruce, 40, Summit, N.J., USA
trader, mortgage-backed securities, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard Bruehert, 38, Westbury, N.Y., USA
vice president for technology, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Andrew Brunn, 28, USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Capt. Vincent Brunton, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ronald Paul Bucca, 47, Tuckahoe, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Brandon J. Buchanan, 24, New York, N.Y., USA
equity trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Greg Joseph Buck, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Dennis Buckley, 38, Chatham, N.J., USA
bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nancy Bueche, 43, Hicksville, N.Y., USA
Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Patrick Joseph Buhse, 36, Lincroft, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John E. Bulaga Jr., 35, Paterson, N.J., USA
network engineer at eSpeed, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen Bunin, 45, New York, N.Y.
VMS systems engineer, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Matthew J. Burke, 28, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant equities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas Daniel Burke, 38, Bedford Hills, N.Y., USA
managing director, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Capt. William F. Burke Jr., 46, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Donald James Burns, 61, Nissequogue, N.Y., USA
assistant chief, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kathleen A. Burns, 49, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, office automation, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Keith James Burns, 39, East Rutherford, N.J., USA
equities, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John Patrick Burnside, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Irina Buslo, 32, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Fuji Bank
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Milton Bustillo, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
computer network operator, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Colombian

Thomas M. Butler, 37, Kings Park, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Patrick Byrne, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Timothy G. Byrne, 36, Manhattan, N.Y., USA
investment banker, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jesus Cabezas, 66, New York, N.Y., USA
cook, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lillian Caceres, 48, New York, N.Y., USA
technology administrator, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Brian Joseph Cachia, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
technical support specialist, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Steven Cafiero Jr., 31, New York, N.Y., USA
client specialist, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard M. Caggiano, 25, New York, N.Y., USA
trade support clerk, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Cecile M. Caguicla, 55, Boonton, N.J., USA
assistance vice president of finance, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Filipino

Michael John Cahill, 37, East Williston, N.Y., USA
senior claims attorney, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Scott W. Cahill, 30, West Caldwell, N.J., USA
municipal bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas J. Cahill, 36, Franklin Lakes, N.J., USA
securities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

George Cain, 35, Massapequa, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Salvatore B. Calabro, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joseph Calandrillo, 49, Hawley, Pa., USA
treaty accountant, Risk Solutions International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Philip V. Calcagno, 57, New York, N.Y., USA
assistant vice president, Marsh & McLennan
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Edward Calderon, 44, Jersey City, N.J., USA
operations manager, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kenneth Marcus Caldwell, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
senior account manager, Alliance Consulting
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Dominick E. Calia, 40, Manalapan, N.J., USA
bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Felix (Bobby) Calixte, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
BP Air Conditioning
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Capt. Frank Callahan, 51, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Liam Callahan, 44, Rockaway, N.J., USA
police officer, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Luigi Calvi, 34, East Rutherford, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Italian

Roko Camaj, 60, Manhasset, N.Y., USA
janitorial, window cleaner, ABM Industries
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Cammarata, 22, Huguenot, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David Otey Campbell, 51, Basking Ridge, N.J., USA
senior vice president of equity sales, Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Geoffrey Thomas Campbell, 31, New York, N.Y., USA
Reuters
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Jill Marie Campbell, 31, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Baseline Financial Services
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Robert Arthur Campbell, 25, New York, N.Y., USA
painter, Fine Painting and Decorating
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Sandra Patricia Campbell, 45, New York, N.Y., USA
computer programmer, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Juan Ortega Campos, 32, New York, N.Y., USA
delivery man, Fine & Schapiro restaurant
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Mexican

Sean Canavan, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
carpenter, Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John A. Candela, 42, Glen Ridge, N.J., USA
senior trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Vincent Cangelosi, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen J. Cangialosi, 40, Middletown, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lisa B. Cannava, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
supervisor, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Brian Cannizzaro, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael R. Canty, 30, Schenectady, N.Y., USA
broker, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Louis A. Caporicci, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jonathan N. Cappello, 23, Garden City, N.Y., USA
trade support clerk, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James Christopher Cappers, 33, Wading River, N.Y., USA
assistant vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard M. Caproni, 34, Lynbrook, N.Y., USA
senior accounting specialist, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jose Cardona, 32, New York, N.Y., USA
clerk, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Dennis M Carey, 51, Wantagh, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen Carey, 50, Chatsworth, CA, USA
Reported missing, World Trade Center, at/in building

Edward Carlino, 46, New York, N.Y., USA
financial reporting systems, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Scott Carlo, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

David G. Carlone, 46, Randolph, N.J., USA
account executive, FM Global
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Rosemarie C. Carlson, 40, New York, N.Y., USA
International Office Center
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark Stephen Carney, 41, Rahway, N.J., USA
recruiter, Association of Independent Recruiters
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joyce Ann Carpeneto, 40, New York, N.Y., USA
call records management assistant, General Telecom
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jeremy M. Carrington, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
swaps trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Michael T. Carroll, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Peter Carroll, 35, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James J. Carson Jr., 32, Massapequa, N.Y., USA
computer network administrator, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Christopher Newton Carter, 52, Middletown, N.J., USA
associate director in charge of information technology, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James Marcel Cartier, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
electrician, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Vivian Casalduc, 45, New York, N.Y., USA
microfiche clerk, Empire Blue Cross/Blue Shield
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John F. Casazza, 38, Colts Neck, N.J., USA
senior vice president, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Paul Cascio, 23, Manhasset, N.Y., USA
trade support, agency desk, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Margarito Casillas, 54, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
maintenance worker, Reported missing, World Trade Center, at/in building, Mexican

Thomas Anthony Casoria, 29, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

William Otto Caspar, 57, Eatontown, N.J., USA
data processing specialist, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alejandro Castano, 35, Englewood, N.J., USA
delivery man, Empire Distribution
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Colombian

German Castillo Galicia, Ozumba, Mexico
Reported missing, World Trade Center, at/in building, Mexican

Arcelia Castillo, 49, Elizabeth, N.J., USA
junior accountant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Leonard M. Castrianno, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jose Ramon Castro, 37, New York, N.Y., USA
food service handler, Forte Food Service
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Richard G. Catarelli, 47, New York, N.Y., USA
Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Christopher Sean Caton, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
bond broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Robert J. Caufield, 48, Valley Stream, N.Y., USA
electrician, Denino Electric
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mary Teresa Caulfield, 58, New York, N.Y., USA
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Judson Cavalier, 26, Huntington, N.Y., USA
investment banker, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Joseph Cawley, 32, Bellmore, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jason D. Cayne, 32, Morganville, N.J., USA
municipal bond broker and partner, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Juan Armando Ceballos, 47, New York, N.Y., USA
mail carrier, Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Marcia G. Cecil-Carter, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
bank reconciliation clerk, Carr Futures
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jason Cefalu, 30, West Hempstead, N.Y., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas J. Celic, 43, New York, N.Y., USA
senior vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Ana M. Centeno, 38, Bayonne, N.J., USA
accountant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Joni Cesta, 37, Bellmore, N.Y., USA
in-house counsel, A.L. Sarroff
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jeffrey M. Chairnoff, 35, West Windsor, N.J., USA
managing director of the mortgage financing group, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Swarna Chalasani, 33, Jersey City, N.J., USA
vice president, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

William Chalcoff, 41, Roslyn, N.Y., USA
computer systems developer, Marsh & McLennan
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Eli Chalouh, 23, New York, N.Y., USA
New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Charles Lawrence (Chip) Chan, 23, New York, N.Y., USA
currency broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mandy Chang, 40, New York, N.Y., USA
First Commercial Bank
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark L. Charette, 38, Millburn, N.J., USA
senior vice president, Marsh Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gregorio Manuel Chavez, 48, New York, N.Y., USA
Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Pedro Francisco Checo, 35, New York, N.Y.
Investment Operations Administration, Fiduciary Trust International
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, Colombian

Douglas MacMillan Cherry, 38, Maplewood, N.J., USA
vice president of professional services group, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen Patrick Cherry, 41, Stamford, Conn., USA
partner, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Vernon Paul Cherry, 49, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nestor Chevalier, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
securities, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Swede Joseph Chevalier, 26, Locust, N.J., USA
equities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alexander H. Chiang, 51, New City, N.Y., USA
computer specialist, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Dorothy J. Chiarchiaro, 61, Glenwood, N.J., USA
Fred Alger Management
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Luis Alfonso Chimbo, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
receiving attendant, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Robert Chin, 33, New York, N.Y., USA
account associate, Xerox Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Wing Wai (Eddie) Ching, 29, Union, N.J., USA
client support administrator, UmeVoice
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nicholas P. Chiofalo Jr., 39, Selden, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

John Chipura, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Peter A. Chirchirillo, 47, Langhorne, Pa., USA
project manager, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Catherine E. Chirls, 47, Princeton, N.J., USA
eSpeed/banker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kyung (Kaccy) Cho, 30, Clifton, N.J., USA
executive secretary, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Abdul K. Chowdhury, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
senior assistant analyst, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mohammed Salahuddin Chowdhury, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
waiter, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kirsten L. Christophe, 39, Maplewood, N.J., USA
vice president of risk services, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Pamela Chu, 31, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president and equities trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Steven Paul Chucknick, 44, Cliffwood Beach, N.J., USA
vice president of communications and facilities, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Wai-ching Chung, 36, New York, N.Y., USA
division vice president, UBS PaineWebber
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Christopher Ciafardini, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president and financial analyst, Fred Alger Management
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Alex F. Ciccone, 38, New Rochelle, N.Y., USA
assistant vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Frances Ann Cilente, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Elaine Cillo, 40, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Edna Cintron, 46, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Nestor Andre Cintron, 26, New York, N.Y., USA
broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Lt. Robert Dominick Cirri, 39, Nutley, N.J., USA
police officer, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Juan Pablo Alvarez Cisneros, 23, Weehawken, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Benjamin Keefe Clark, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
chef, Sodexho
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Eugene Clark, 47, New York, N.Y., USA
administrative assistant, Aon Corp.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Gregory A. Clark, 40, Teaneck, N.J., USA
computer technician, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mannie Leroy Clark, 54, New York, N.Y., USA
security guard, Marsh & Mclennan
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Thomas R. Clark, 37, Summit, N.J., USA
equity sales trader, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Christopher Robert Clarke, 34, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
trader, Sandler O'Neill & Partners
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Donna Clarke, 39, New York, N.Y., USA
Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michael Clarke, 27, Prince's Bay, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Suria R.E. Clarke, 30, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president for media relations at eSpeed, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building, British

Kevin Francis Cleary, 38, New York, N.Y., USA
broker, Euro Brokers Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

James D. Cleere, 55, Newton, Iowa, USA
assistant vice president, telecommunications, Seabury & Smith Co.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Geoffrey W. Cloud, 36, Stamford, Conn., USA
lawyer, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Susan M. Clyne, 42, Lindenhurst, N.Y., USA
senior vice president, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Steven Coakley, 36, Deer Park, N.Y., USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jeffrey Coale, 31, Souderton, Pa., USA
assistant wine master, Windows on the World
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Patricia A. Cody, 46, Brigantine, N.J., USA
managing director, Marsh & McLennan
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Daniel Michael Coffey, 54, Newburgh, N.Y., USA
senior vice president, Guy Carpenter
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Jason Matthew Coffey, 25, Newburgh, N.Y., USA
accountant, Marsh & McLennan Cos. Inc.
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Florence Cohen, 62, New York, N.Y., USA
secretary, New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kevin Sanford Cohen, 28, Edison, N.J., USA
eSpeed desktop support person, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Anthony Joseph Coladonato, 47, New York, N.Y., USA
vice president, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Mark J. Colaio, 34, New York, N.Y., USA
senior managing director, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Stephen J. Colaio, 32, Montauk, N.Y., USA
senior managing director, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Christopher M. Colasanti, 33, Hoboken, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Kevin Nathaniel Colbert, 25, New York, N.Y., USA
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Michel Paris Colbert, 39, West New York, N.J., USA
bond trader, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Keith Eugene Coleman, 34, Warren, N.J., USA
senior vice president and partner, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Scott Thomas Coleman, 31, New York, N.Y., USA
equity broker, Cantor Fitzgerald
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Tarel Coleman, 32, USA
firefighter, New York Fire Department
Reported dead, World Trade Center, at/in building

Liam Joseph Colhoun, 34, Flushing,, N.Y.
Bank of America
Confirmed dead, World Trade Center, at/in